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The Syrian displacement crisis raises fundamental questions about the relationship between action to resolve conflicts and humanitarian aid to assist the victims and demonstrates the limits of humanitarian response, even on a massive scale, to resolve political crises. The increasingly protracted nature of the crisis also raises the need for the international community to think beyond just relief assistance and adopt developmental policies to help refugees become productive members of their host communities. The Consequences of Chaos looks beyond the ever-increasing numbers of Syria's uprooted population to consider the long-term economic, political, and social implications of this massive movement of people.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Polemology --- Syria --- Humanitarianism. --- Refugees --- International cooperation. --- Government and politics --- History --- Emigration and immigration. --- Human welfare --- Philanthropy --- Social welfare --- Charities --- Ethics --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Sirii︠a︡ --- Iqlīm al-Sūrī (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Shamālī (United Arab Republic) --- Syrian Region (United Arab Republic) --- سوريا --- Sūriyā --- Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah --- Syrian Arab Republic --- République arabe syrienne --- Sowria --- Syrie --- R.A.S. --- RAS --- Ittiḥād al-Duwal al-Sūrīyah --- Fédération des États de Syrie --- Syrische Arabische Republik --- SAR --- Suryah --- Arabska Republika Syryjska --- Syrien --- Jumhuriya al-Arabya as-Suriya --- Repubblica Araba Siriana --- جمهورية العربية السورية --- Jumhūriyyah al-ʻArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah --- Сірыя --- Siryi︠a︡ --- Сірыйская Арабская Рэспубліка --- Siryĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Сирийската арабска република --- Siriĭskata arabska republika --- Συρία --- Αραβική Δημοκρατία της Συρίας --- Aravikē Dēmokratia tēs Syrias --- 시리아 --- Siria --- סוריה --- רפובליקה הערבית הסורית --- Republiḳah ha-ʻArvit ha-Surit --- シリア --- Shiria --- Сирия --- Сирийская Арабская Республика --- Siriĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Сирія --- Syrii︠a︡ --- Сирійська Арабська республіка --- Syriĭsʹka Arabsʹka respublika --- 敘利亞 --- Xuliya --- United Arab Republic --- Politics and government --- Political Science --- Internally displaced person --- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant --- Lebanon --- Refugee --- Refugees of the Syrian Civil War --- Turkey --- United Nations

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The focus of this study is the “Syria Mission”, directed by the Protestant missionary society American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) from 1819 to 1870 in the Ottoman province of Syria, operating mainly within the territory of present-day Lebanon. The analysis of the cultural transfer between the Ottoman Empire and the United States of America undertaken in this study focuses on four relevant protagonists, whose contributions have not yet been sufficiently explored in missiological studies: The missionaries Eli Smith and Cornelius Van Dyck as well as the Syrian Protestants Butrus al-Bustani and John Wortabet. As a result, the Syria Mission of the ABCFM demonstrates how two different cultures met in a so called contact zone in the mission field and how these dialogue partners, despite many conflicts and disagreements, succeeded in contributing towards a fruitful dialogue. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Syrienmission der protestantischen Missionsgesellschaft American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), die sich von 1819 bis 1870 in der Osmanischen Provinz Syrien, d.h. auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Libanon, etablierte. Die Analyse des kulturellen Austausches zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika setzt bei vier wichtigen Protagonisten an, die in der bisherigen missionsgeschichtlichen Forschung nicht ausführlich bzw. gar nicht Beachtung fanden: Die Missionare Eli Smith und Cornelius Van Dyck sowie die syrischen Protestanten Butrus al-Bustani und John Wortabet. Die Syrienmission des ABCFM ist ein Beispiel dafür, wie zwei verschiedene Kulturen in der sogenannten contact zone der Missionsstationen aufeinander trafen und trotz Konflikten und Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog gelangen konnten.

Missions --- Protestant churches --- History. --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. --- Syria --- Religion --- Protestant sects --- Christian sects --- Protestantism --- Christian missions --- Christianity --- Missions, Foreign --- Theology, Practical --- Proselytizing --- Syria Mission --- Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. --- Sirii︠a︡ --- Iqlīm al-Sūrī (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Shamālī (United Arab Republic) --- Syrian Region (United Arab Republic) --- سوريا --- Sūriyā --- Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah --- Syrian Arab Republic --- République arabe syrienne --- Sowria --- Syrie --- R.A.S. --- RAS --- Ittiḥād al-Duwal al-Sūrīyah --- Fédération des États de Syrie --- Syrische Arabische Republik --- SAR --- Suryah --- Arabska Republika Syryjska --- Syrien --- Jumhuriya al-Arabya as-Suriya --- Repubblica Araba Siriana --- جمهورية العربية السورية --- Jumhūriyyah al-ʻArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah --- Сірыя --- Siryi︠a︡ --- Сірыйская Арабская Рэспубліка --- Siryĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Сирийската арабска република --- Siriĭskata arabska republika --- Συρία --- Αραβική Δημοκρατία της Συρίας --- Aravikē Dēmokratia tēs Syrias --- 시리아 --- Siria --- סוריה --- רפובליקה הערבית הסורית --- Republiḳah ha-ʻArvit ha-Surit --- シリア --- Shiria --- Сирия --- Сирийская Арабская Республика --- Siriĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Сирія --- Syrii︠a︡ --- Сирійська Арабська республіка --- Syriĭsʹka Arabsʹka respublika --- 敘利亞 --- Xuliya --- United Arab Republic --- Mission --- Middle East --- Lebanon --- USA --- Ottoman Empire --- transcultural dialogue --- Eli Smith --- Cornelius Van Dyck --- Butrus al-Bustani --- John Wortabet --- Naher Osten --- Libanon --- Osmanisches Reich --- transkultureller Dialog --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --- American Broadcasting Company --- Arabische Sprache --- Beirut --- Protestantismus

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This study explores the creation of saintly spheres surrounding Sufi masters who functioned as embodiments of Islamic sainthood and imprinted their tangible mark on the land. Situated in the Syrian milieu of the counter-crusader period that was marked by intense religious excitement and re-sanctification of the landscape, the study centres on the role of Sufi saints as revivers of the prophetic legacy and as patrons of fellow believers, and their association with the glorious history of ancient Syrian cities and the expanding sacred landscape. Based upon a variety of literary sources, including hitherto unexplored saintly vitas, the investigation aims to contribute to an understanding of the process through which the religious and charismatic leadership of the venerated shaykhs was sustained and diffused, and their holiness emplaced and commemorated.

Sufism --- HISTORY / Middle East / General. --- History --- Charismatic religious teaching. --- Medieval Sufi Masters. --- Medieval Syria. --- Mysticism. --- Shaykh. --- Sofism --- Mysticism --- Islam --- Syria --- Sirii︠a︡ --- Iqlīm al-Sūrī (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Shamālī (United Arab Republic) --- Syrian Region (United Arab Republic) --- سوريا --- Sūriyā --- Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah --- Syrian Arab Republic --- République arabe syrienne --- Sowria --- Syrie --- R.A.S. --- RAS --- Ittiḥād al-Duwal al-Sūrīyah --- Fédération des États de Syrie --- Syrische Arabische Republik --- SAR --- Suryah --- Arabska Republika Syryjska --- Syrien --- Jumhuriya al-Arabya as-Suriya --- Repubblica Araba Siriana --- جمهورية العربية السورية --- Jumhūriyyah al-ʻArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah --- Сірыя --- Siryi︠a︡ --- Сірыйская Арабская Рэспубліка --- Siryĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Сирийската арабска република --- Siriĭskata arabska republika --- Συρία --- Αραβική Δημοκρατία της Συρίας --- Aravikē Dēmokratia tēs Syrias --- 시리아 --- Siria --- סוריה --- רפובליקה הערבית הסורית --- Republiḳah ha-ʻArvit ha-Surit --- シリア --- Shiria --- Сирия --- Сирийская Арабская Республика --- Siriĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Сирія --- Syrii︠a︡ --- Сирійська Арабська республіка --- Syriĭsʹka Arabsʹka respublika --- 敘利亞 --- Xuliya --- United Arab Republic

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Depuis 1920, la revue Syria. Archéologie, art et histoire est publiée par l’Institut français du Proche-Orient (Ifpo) avec le concours du CNRS. La revue se consacre à l’histoire ancienne et à l’archéologie du Proche-Orient, Chypre compris. De la préhistoire au viie siècle et de la Méditerranée au plateau iranien, Syria traite d’archéologie, d’épigraphie, de philologie, d’histoire et d’histoire de l’art.

Art --- Archaeology --- Art, Asian --- Antiquities. --- Archaeology. --- Art. --- Art, Asian. --- Syria --- Middle East. --- Syria. --- Antiquities --- Art, Occidental --- Art, Visual --- Art, Western (Western countries) --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Visual --- Fine arts --- Iconography --- Occidental art --- Visual arts --- Western art (Western countries) --- Art, Daghestan --- Archeology --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Art, Asiatic --- Art, Oriental --- Asiatic art --- Oriental art --- Sirii︠a︡ --- Iqlīm al-Sūrī (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Shamālī (United Arab Republic) --- Syrian Region (United Arab Republic) --- سوريا --- Sūriyā --- Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah --- Syrian Arab Republic --- République arabe syrienne --- Sowria --- Syrie --- R.A.S. --- RAS --- Ittiḥād al-Duwal al-Sūrīyah --- Fédération des États de Syrie --- Syrische Arabische Republik --- SAR --- Suryah --- Arabska Republika Syryjska --- Syrien --- Jumhuriya al-Arabya as-Suriya --- Repubblica Araba Siriana --- جمهورية العربية السورية --- Jumhūriyyah al-ʻArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah --- Сірыя --- Siryi︠a︡ --- Сірыйская Арабская Рэспубліка --- Siryĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Сирийската арабска република --- Siriĭskata arabska republika --- Συρία --- Αραβική Δημοκρατία της Συρίας --- Aravikē Dēmokratia tēs Syrias --- 시리아 --- Siria --- סוריה --- רפובליקה הערבית הסורית --- Republiḳah ha-ʻArvit ha-Surit --- シリア --- Shiria --- Сирия --- Сирийская Арабская Республика --- Siriĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Сирія --- Syrii︠a︡ --- Сирійська Арабська республіка --- Syriĭsʹka Arabsʹka respublika --- 敘利亞 --- Xuliya --- United Arab Republic --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Middle East --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- Arts --- Aesthetics --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Material culture --- History --- Asia --- Sūriy --- Sirii͡ --- Siriĭskai͡a Arabskai͡a Respublika --- Siryi͡ --- Siryĭskai͡a Arabskai͡a Rėspublika --- Syrii͡ --- Art syrien --- Archéologie --- Art moyen-oriental --- Antiquités --- Asia, West --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- E-journals --- 281.81 --- 281.83 --- 939.4 --- 902 <394> --- 7.032.5 --- #BIBC:tijdschradm --- 7.032.5 Kunst van Chaldaea; Assyrie; Babylonie; Perzie; Mesopotamie --- Kunst van Chaldaea; Assyrie; Babylonie; Perzie; Mesopotamie --- 939.4 Geschiedenis van Syrië --- Geschiedenis van Syrië --- 281.83 Jacobitische monofysitische Kerk --- Jacobitische monofysitische Kerk --- 281.81 Chaldeeuwse Kerk: Oost-Syrische, Assyrische, Perzische christenen --- Chaldeeuwse Kerk: Oost-Syrische, Assyrische, Perzische christenen --- 902 <394> Archeologie--Syrië --- Archeologie--Syrië --- Periodicals --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Art, Syrian --- Archéologie --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Antiquités --- EJARCHE EJART EJETUDE EJHISTO EPUB-ALPHA-S EPUB-PER-FT JSTOR-E PERSEE-E REVORG-E --- Arts and Humanities --- Art, Primitive --- Art, Middle Eastern --- Art asiatique --- Middle Eastern art --- Syrian art --- Art, Syrian. --- Art, Middle Eastern.